Source: LANGMUIR Volume: 27 Issue: 12 Pages: 7357-7360 DOI: 10.1021/la201117e Published: JUN 21 2011
Abstract: We describe a simple layer-by-layer (LbL) technology and counterion exchange procedure to tune the liquid wettability of commercially available cotton fabrics. A polyelectrolyte multilayer is deposited on the fabric surface by the LbL technology, and counterion exchange is used to control the surface composition and thereby to modulate the solid surface energy. The tunability of the solid surface energy, along with the inherent re-entrant texture of the cotton fabric, results in simultaneously switchable wettability between a nonwetting state and a fully wetted state for water and hexadecane. This switchable hydrophobicity and oleophobicity can be explained within a robustness factor, which is a quantitative criterion for the transition between the two states. The counterion exchange can be confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis.
| 3. Chemical assembly of TiO(2) and TiO(2)@Ag nanoparticles on silk fiber to produce multifunctional fabrics |
| Author(s): Li, GH (Li, Guohong)1; Liu, H (Liu, Hong)1; Zhao, HS (Zhao, Hongshi)1; Gao, YQ (Gao, Yuqiang)1; Wang, JY (Wang, Jiyang)1; Jiang, HD (Jiang, Huaidong)1; Boughton, RI (Boughton, R. I.)2 |
Source: JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE Volume: 358 Issue: 1 Pages: 307-315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.02.053 Published: JUN 1 2011
A carefully designed surface modification technique for the manufacture of multifunctional silk textile nanocomposite materials is successfully developed by the functionalization of silk with TiO(2) and TiO(2)@Ag nanoparticles (NPs). The NPs are assembled onto a silk substrate through covalent linkages, including enediol ligand-metal oxide bonding, resin dehydration and the acylation of silk. Owing to the strong chemical bonding, silk fibroin fabric (SFF) and the NPs form a stable composite system. The functionalized SFF, especially TiO(2)@Ag NP-functionalized SFF are endowed with remarkable UV protection properties, and an efficient anti-bacterial capability toward Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, the nearly total photodegradation of methylene orange (MO) under UV illumination illustrates that functionalized SFF possesses high photocatalytic and self-cleaning capability. This multifunctional silk material satisfies the market demand for natural "smart" products, and is a promising practical material for use in the textile industry, hospital sterilization and environmental cleanup. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 4. Fabrication of Super Water Repellent Silver Flake/Copolymer Blend Films and Their Potential as Smart Fabrics |
| Author(s): Bayer, IS (Bayer, I. S.)1,2; Biswas, A (Biswas, A.)3; Ellialtioglu, G (Ellialtioglu, G.)4 |
| Source: POLYMER COMPOSITES Volume: 32 Issue: 4 Pages: 576-585 DOI: 10.1002/pc.21081 Published: APR 2011 |
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A facile technique is demonstrated for the fabrication of super water repellent co-polymer blend-silver composite films from fatty acid surface functionalized fine silver flakes. Initially, high concentrations of surface functionalized silver flakes were dispersed in poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol) copolymer in solution to form electrically conducting adhesives/paints (ECAs) with a bulk resistivity of similar to 3 x 10(-5) Omega cm. The solvent-borne ECAs were then blended with a water-dispersed perfluoromethacrylate copolymer (Zonyl 8740) using a simple solvent-inversion process to obtain super water-repellent colloidal copolymer blend-silver emulsions. The colloidal emulsions could be spray-deposited on a number of fibrous substrates including fabrics and paper. A particular example is demonstrated herein by spray-depositing these emulsions onto molten paraffin wax-based laminates (60 degrees C), which were partially impregnated into fabrics to fabricate highly water repellent, flexible, and thermoresponsive fabrics. A paraffin wax/polyolefin blend base film was used for the purpose. The surface topology of the superhydrophobic copolymer/silver composite films displayed fractal-like hierarchical structures ideal for self-cleaning hydrophobicity. On relatively low-absorbent permeable porous surfaces such as cellulosic films (paper) impregnated with wax/polyolefin films, self-cleaning ability of the coatings was maintained even for temperatures at which paraffin wax component of the laminated film was molten indicated by low-water roll-off angles. Hence, the composites have excellent compatibility with organic phase change materials such as paraffin wax and wax/polyolefin blends, and they can be used to fabricate nonwetting, thermoregulated, and electroactive fabrics. Antimicrobial properties of silver offer additional advantages for potential biomedical applications. POLYM. COMPOS., 32: 576-585, 2011. (C) 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
| 5. Performance Evaluation of Textile-Based Electrodes and Motion Sensors for Smart Clothing |
| Author(s): Cho, G (Cho, Gilsoo)1; Jeong, K (Jeong, Keesam)2; Paik, MJ (Paik, Min Joo)1; Kwun, Y (Kwun, Youngeun)1; Sung, M (Sung, Moonsoo)1 |
| Source: IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 3183-3193 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2011.2167508 Published: DEC 2011 |
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Abstract: Development of textile-based electrodes and motion sensors is one of the main issues of recent smart textile research utilizing electronic textiles. Electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes have been developed by various textile technologies such as sputtering or electroless-plating on the fabric surfaces, and embroidering or knitting with stainless steel yarns. In addition, two types of motion sensors have also been developed using piezo-resistive textiles. They were fabricated by knitting and braiding.
To examine the usability of the ECG electrode, waveforms of the conventional AgCl electrode, and the new electrodes developed in our lab were compared. It was found that electrodes using metallic embroidering are more efficient when its substrate was a metal blended fabric. The electrolessly Cu/Ni plated fabrics obtained the best conductivity in textile-based electrodes. The first motion-measuring textile-based sensor was used to predict and measure the changes in electric resistances that accompany the angle changes in the elbow joint. An advanced piezo-resistive textile by braiding showed more accurate resistance changes and also better durability. Changes in its electrical resistance were mapped to changes in its length extension. From the relationship between the extension and the electrical resistance, movement or posture of human body was detected.
| 6. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Thermostatic Fabrics Treated with Nanoencapsulated Phase Change Materials |
| Author(s): Choi, K (Choi, Kyeyoun)2; Cho, G (Cho, Gilsoo)1 |
| Source: JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE Volume: 121 Issue: 6 Pages: 3238-3245 DOI: 10.1002/app.33870 Published: SEP 15 2011 |
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| Abstract: Textiles treated with nanoencapsulated phase change materials (nanoPCMs) were used to examine their suitability as clothing materials to prepare thermostatic clothes for absorbing or releasing heat according to heat fluctuation between the body and the environment. To this end, the physical and mechanical properties of fabrics treated with nanoPCMs, such as nano-nonadecane and nano-octadecane, were evaluated after we confirmed the morphology and thermal efficiency of the nanoPCMs. The nanoPCMs were almost spherical, with an irregular size distribution between 200 and 400 nm. The heat of fusion and peak temperature of melting for nano-nonadecane, nano-octadecane, and a balanced mix were measured at 102.6 J/g and 33.6 degrees C, 144.7 J/g and 29.8 degrees C, and 137.4 J/g and 31.8 degrees C, respectively. However, the heat of fusion of the vapor-permeable and water-repellant (VPWR) fabrics treated with the nanoPCMs were only 6.8, 4.0, and 3.6 J/g, respectively, because the weight of fabric was added per unit area. The air permeability of the specimens without nanoPCMs was the lowest; that of the VPWR fabrics with nanoPCMs was relatively higher. The water vapor transmission of the VPWR fabrics with nanoPCMs was higher than the fabric without nanoPCMs, and the water resistance decreased in the same order. Compared to the mechanical properties of the fabric without nanoPCMs, the stiffness and roughness of the fabrics with nanoPCMs were improved, but the resilience and smoothness of the fabrics were slightly decreased. Consequently, the physical and mechanical properties of VPWR fabrics with nanoPCMs were superior to those of the fabric without nanoPCMs. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 121: 3238-3245, 2011 |
| 7. The Use of Carbon Nanotubes in Textile Printing |
| Author(s): Krucinska, I (Krucinska, Izabella)1; Skrzetuska, E (Skrzetuska, Ewa)1; Urbaniak-Domagala, W (Urbaniak-Domagala, Wieslawa)1 |
| Source: JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE Volume: 121 Issue: 1 Pages: 483-490 DOI: 10.1002/app.33598 Published: JUL 5 2011 |
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Abstract: The characteristic properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), particularly their heat conduction, electrical conductivity, high modulus of elasticity, high strength, and resistance to chemicals, have resulted in widespread application of CNTs in nanotechnologies. In this study, CNTs were used to impart specific functionality to textiles by printing techniques. To this aim, modified commercial aqueous dispersions of multiwalled CNTs from Nanocyl (R) were used for preparing special compositions as paste for printing by conventional techniques (screen printing) and as inks for ink-jet printing to bestow the fabric antistatic and antibacterial properties. Taking into account the importance of the dispersion level of CNT in the printing composition from the point of view of antistatic properties, the quality of the CNT dispersion was assessed on the basis of particle size distribution by means of a DLS PSS Nicomp device. Printings were done on two types of woven fabrics: 100% cotton and 30/70% cotton/polyester blend. The CNTs used in printing were found to impart antistatic and antibacterial properties to the printed fabrics. These imparted properties were resistant to repeated washing.
| 8. Wrinkle-resistant finishing with dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) - the effect of co-catalyst |
| Author(s): Lam, YL (Lam, Yin Ling)1; Kan, CW (Kan, Chi Wai)1; Yuen, CW (Yuen, Chun Wah)1 |
| Source: TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL Volume: 81 Issue: 14 Pages: 1419-1426 DOI: 10.1177/0040517510387206 Published: SEP 2011 |
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Abstract: In the past, wrinkle-resistant finishes on cotton fabrics involved the application of melamine-formaldehyde- or urea-formaldehyde-based resins with many more recent agents being based on dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU). This study reports that the DMDHEU-TiO(2) combination can enhance the wrinkle-resistance of cotton fabrics. The addition of TiO(2) or nano-TiO(2) in the treatment can also act as a multi-functional finishing agent to improve the UV protection property. Moreover, it was found that addition of TiO(2) or nano-TiO(2) could slightly increase the tearing strength of test specimens to compensate for the drawbacks of DMDHEU. However, the addition of metal oxide did not significantly improve the tensile strength of specimens. In addition, it was found that while DMDHEU-treated cotton specimens contained small quantities of free formaldehyde, these levels are reduced when nano-TiO(2) is added to the treatment.
| 9. Nonwetting, Nonrolling, Stain Resistant Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Coated Textiles |
| Author(s): Misra, R (Misra, Rahul)1; Cook, RD (Cook, Robert D.)1; Morgan, SE (Morgan, Sarah E.)1 |
| Source: JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE Volume: 115 Issue: 4 Pages: 2322-2331 DOI: 10.1002/app.31365 Published: FEB 15 2010 |
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Abstract: Cotton/polyester fabric surfaces were modified using nanostructured organic-inorganic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) molecules via solution dip coating. Surface wetting characteristics of coatings prepared from two chemically and structurally different POSS molecules, a closed cage fluorinated dodecatrifluoropropyl POSS (FL-POSS) and an open cage nonfluorinated trisilanolphenyl POSS (Tsp-POSS), were evaluated with time and compared with Teflon. Surface analysis, including Atomic Force Microscopy, SEM/EDAX, and NMR revealed the presence of POSS aggregates on the fabric surface leading to a spiky topography, high roughness, and hysteresis. POSS coated fabrics showed complete reversal of surface wetting characteristics with contact angles higher than the benchmark Teflon surface. Water contact angle measured as a function of time showed equivalent or better performance for POSS-coated surfaces in comparison to Teflon. Furthermore, FL-POSS coated fabric exhibited exceptional stain and acid resistance along with a 38% reduction in relative surface friction. Additionally, "nonslicling" and high surface adhesion behavior of water droplets on the FL-POSS coated fabric are reported. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc, J Appl Polym Sci 115: 2322-2331, 2010
| 10. Water-repellent Treatment on Military Uniform Fabrics: Physiological and Comfort Implications |
| Author(s): Gibson, P (Gibson, Phil) |
| Source: JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES Volume: 38 Issue: 1 Pages: 43-54 DOI: 10.1177/1528083707087833 Published: JUL 2008 |
| Times Cited: 1 (from Web of Science) |
Cited References: 12 [ view related records ]  Citation Map |
Abstract: Cost-effective nanotechnology-based water-repellent treatments for clothing fabrics are now commercially available. The effectiveness of these durable water repellent (DWR) fabric treatments are evaluated for application to military uniforms. The addition of a non-wicking finish to clothing fabric negatively impacts comfort in hot and humid environments. Clothing comfort may be improved by refining the DWR fabric treatment process to retain wicking properties on the fabrics inner surface.
| 11. Durable Hydrophobic Textile Fabric Finishing Using Silica Nanoparticles and Mixed Silanes |
| Author(s): Roe, B (Roe, Barry); Zhang, XW (Zhang, Xiangwu)1 |
| Source: TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL Volume: 79 Issue: 12 Pages: 1115-1122 DOI: 10.1177/0040517508100184 Published: AUG 2009 |
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Abstract: Cotton fabric surface was treated with combinations of silica nanoparticles, silane hydrophobes, and silane crosslinkers to obtain durable hydrophobicity. Performance analysis was done by measuring the contact angle of water on the treated fabric surface. To evaluate the durability of the surface hydrophobicity, AATCC crocking and laundering tests were performed. Cotton fabrics with good hydrophobicity (contact angle = 1.39.1 degrees) and excellent durability (e.g. 95% recovery of contact angle after laundering) were obtained when treated with Aerosilo 90 nanoparticles, n-octyltrimethoxysilane, and bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane. This study demonstrated that the surface treatment using silica nanoparticles and mixed silanes is a promising alternative to fluoropolymer chemistry for achieving durable hydrophobic fabrics.
| 12. Recent developments in water, oil and stain repellent treatments (part 2) |
| Author(s): Namligoz, ES (Namligoz, Eylen Sema)1; Hosaf, E (Hosaf, Erman); Coban, S (Coban, Sueleyman); Gulumser, T (Gulumser, Tulay); Tarakcioglu, I (Tarakcioglu, Isik)1 |
| Source: TEKSTIL VE KONFEKSIYON Volume: 17 Issue: 1 Pages: 59-64 Published: JAN-MAR 2007 |
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| Abstract: Nowadays due to the growing competition on textile sector, trends in producing and developing multi-functional, protective and comfortable clothes are increased more and more. Water, oil and stain repellent treatments providing the functionality, easy care of clothes have great importance. In this article, it is given information about the fundamental and recent developments of these treatments. |
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